October 2025 was the third warmest month on record in the world, according to data from the EU’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).
The average surface temperature for the month was 15.14Β°C, 0.70Β°C above the average for October from 1991 to 2020, according to the ERA5 dataset, which uses billions of measurements from satellites, ships, aircraft and weather stations around the world.
C3S now says 2025 is almost certain to end up as the second or third warmest year on record, perhaps tied with 2023, currently the second warmest year, and behind 2024, the warmest year on record.
Copernicus said the findings reflect an “accelerating pace”. climate changeβ will flare up and the global temperature will rise. fossil fuel It releases greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. global warming In addition, the amount of low-level clouds, which causes temperature increases, is also decreasing.
βWe are now entering a decade in which we are likely to exceed the 1.5Β°C limit.β
October 2025 was just 0.16 Β°C colder than the warmest October 2023 on record, and 0.11 Β°C colder than October 2024.
The month was 1.55 degrees Celsius above the estimated 1850-1900 average temperature used to define pre-industrial levels. This marks the first month since April 2025 when the temperature exceeded 1.50β.
By 2025, it may not be 1.5Β°C above pre-industrial levels, but the average Earth’s temperature Temperatures from 2023 to 2025 are likely to exceed 1.5Β°C. According to Copernicus, this is the first three-year average since weather records began. Weather records date back to the 18th century, when climate information began to be collected using scientific instruments, a period known as the “Measurement Period.”
βWe are now entering a decade in which we are likely to exceed the 1.5Β°C limit, highlighting the accelerating pace of climate change and the urgent need for action,β says Samantha Burgess, head of climate change strategy at Copernicus.
Temperatures in Fennoscandia were the highest in Europe and above average
The average temperature across Europe in October 2025 was 10.19Β°C, 0.60Β°C higher than the average October temperature from 1991 to 2020, and was not among the top 10 warmest on record.
The most significant increases in average temperatures in Europe were recorded in Fennoscandia and the southern Iberian Peninsula.
below average temperature My experience was mainly in Southeastern Europe.
Outside of Europe, temperatures were highest in the polar regions, particularly northeastern Canada, the central Arctic Ocean, and eastern Antarctica.
A wide area with significant negative temperature anomalies covered southern and eastern Russia, most of Mongolia, as well as eastern Kazakhstan and northernmost China.
Record sea surface temperatures were recorded in Europe
average sea ββsurface temperature The average temperature (SST) for October 2025, excluding polar regions, was 20.54Β°C, the third highest temperature on record for that month.
Sea surface temperatures continued to be well above normal in most parts of the North Pacific, with record highs in the west. In contrast, sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific are near or below the 1991-2020 average, reflecting a transition to weak La NiΓ±a conditions.
The European region of the Arctic Ocean had a much higher view of the sky. record breaking The same is true for sea surface temperatures off the coast of Indonesia in the eastern Indian Ocean.
Antarctic sea ice is third lowest in October
in arcticaverage sea ice extent in October was 12 percent below average and the eighth lowest for the month.
Regionally, sea ice densities were lowest in the Eurasian region of the Arctic Ocean, particularly in Franz Josef Land and northern Severnaya Zemlya, consistent with well-above-average surface temperatures.
Every month in the Antarctic region, sea ββice The degree was the third lowest for October, 6% below average.
Sea ice density around Antarctica was lowest in the Bellingshausen Sea and Indian Ocean regions, the latter coinciding with well-above-average surface temperatures in adjacent areas of East Antarctica.